Project 971 Akula

PROJECT 971 AKULA

Source: http://military.tomsk.ru/blog/topic-273.html

DATA FOR 2010 (standard replenishment)

Project 971 "Bars" / "Pike-B" - AKULA
Project 971 "Irbis" - Improved AKULA
Project 971 “ Akula-II”
Project 971/Project 971M (K-335) - Akula-III

Multipurpose nuclear submarine. Designing a boat launched by tactical and technical requirements, development of a large multipurpose nuclear submarine of the 3rd generation "in the SDB-143" Malachite "(1972). Draft pr.971 PLA as a whole was completed in 1977, but after receiving information about the type of PLA modernization of the U.S. Los-Angeles and taking into account the wishes of the leadership of the Navy to equip a boat cruise missiles sent to the finalization of the project (completed in 1980). The head of PLA K-284 Akula founded on shipyard Lenin Komsomol Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the end of 1980 in February 1984 completed assembly of the pressure hull of the boat and July 16, 1984 K-284 is derived from the shop in floating dock and launched on July 27, 1984 In the autumn of that year PLA entered the harbor of the plant in the town of Bolshoi Kamen. Factory tests began on Dec. 7, 1984 and officially submarine K-284 commissioned to the Navy on Dec. 30, 1984 After the Navy boat started to long-term operational development of the equipment and test all systems. The first launches of cruise missiles Granat made only in January 1987, and hydro-acoustic complex and a portion of weapon systems fine-tuned for even longer, and put into operation only in 1988 Series pr.971 boats built at plants in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and in Severodvinsk. According to initial plans were plans to build 25 boats, but all was laid on 20 PLA.


PLA K-152 "Seal" pr.971I Improved AKULA goes on trial in the waters of the GCC mountain Bolshoye Stone (outfitting base "Amur GCC) from the transport dock Zeya, July 2008

Design: Development of PLA pr.971 started SKB-143 "Malachite" (Leningrad, chief designer GN Chernyshev, from August 1976, after 1997 - YI Farafontov) on TTZ 1972 " development of a large multi-purpose nuclear submarine 3rd Generation "as an analogue of PLA pr.945 replacement in the design of titanium alloy steel. The project is elaboration of pr.958. A brief sketch of the project developed in 1976 in the development of technical project on which work has begun on the joint decision of SMEs and the Navy on July 27, 1976, attended CSRI them. Academician AN Krylov (especially in reducing the noise PLA).


One of the earliest versions Pr. 971

Technical design boats designed in May 1977 and approved September 13, 1977, but after receiving information about news in the American type of PLA Los-Angeles, which was reflected in the installation of the CEO with a digital signal processing, mitigates the effects of intrinsic noise of the PLA, as well as with the wishes of the leadership of the Navy to equip PLA KRBD Granat (Resolution of the USSR Council of 26 May 1978) draft finalized (in 1980).

Production: Pre-production series boats pr.971 at shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (plant number 199) was conducted from 1978 to the Home of PLA-284:
- Founded in late 1980
- First block of the equipment installed in the pressure hull in June 1983
- Mortgage-board set Nov. 6, 1983
- The official date of the bookmark was listed on Nov. 11, 1983
- Build a durable housing completed in February 1984
- Submarine K-284 is derived from the shop in floating dock July 16, 1984
- Boat launched on a floating dock July 27, 1984
- Entered the harbor plant p.Bolshoy Stone October 25, 1984

Tests and adoption. Factory tests of K-284 began on Dec. 7, 1984 and officially submarine K-284 commissioned to the Navy on Dec. 30, 1984 after which, based in p.Bolshoy Stone proceeded to improving the equipment and testing systems. The first launch KRBD Granat - January 1987, SAC and some weapons systems fine-tuned and put into operation in 1988, the first dive on the maximum depth was held July 1, 1989, testing of all systems of PLA completed only in 1990, PLA pr.971 built at plants in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (plant number 199, from 1983 to present) and in Severodvinsk (Sevmash - Plant ¹ 402, from 1985 to 2001) and the initial plans planned to build 25 PLA (PLA was laid on 20). By default, the data PLA pr.971.


One of the first photographs of PLA pr.971 AKULA (probably K-284 "Shark") published in the Western media (Soviet Military Power 1987. USA 1987.)


The head of PLA K-284 Akula pr.971 AKULA on sediment in the bay Pavlovsky, PF, November 1996


The second in a series of PLA pr.971 AKULA - K-263, 45 th Division, Pacific Fleet Submarine


Rolling out of the shop in the Sevmash PLA pr.971 K-480 Bars, 16 April 1988 (panorama of the frames of the documentary "The shock strength. Spearfishers, ORT, 2007-2008)


A third PLA pr.971 - K-322, Pacific, October 1993 (photo by US NAVY)

Crew - 73 people (including 33 officers)

The design of the submarine - double-hulled, coarse tail fairing with towed antenna CEO at the top of the vertical rudder. Rugged housing made of steel grade AK (AK-25 and / or the AK-32) with a yield of 100 kg per square millimeter (thickness of 48 mm, processed in presses FUJICAR) and divided into 7 compartments. At the design stage the problem was solved a significant (approximately 5 times compared with the PLA 2 nd generation) to reduce noise using elaborations silencer PLA pr.991. Assembling the Corps completed the block method: PLA equipment is installed inside the casing and shock absorber in ammortizatsionnyh blocks that are part of two-stage obschekonstruktsionnoy depreciation is foreseen (each block is isolated from the body of rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorber). The body is covered with a rubber protivogidroakusticheskim PLA coating. According to some reports using active means to reduce noise. At the PLA Improved conditions the crew.

Since the PLA K-391 powder generators installed blow-tsictern main ballast. Since PLA K-391 is installed on PLA outboard fittings circulation routes such as "fin" - a form of intake is flat in cross section instead of circular. According to some information on PLA pr.971 uses a system of impact on the boundary layer washer body of water to reduce resistance, which probably worked to Ship model submarine pr.1710 "mackerel" (no confirmation).


Assembly shop PLA pr.971 AKULA to Amur Shipbuilding (Ships and destiny. Amur Shipbuilding Plant - 70 years. Khabarovsk, Amur Gazette, 2002)


Construction Corps PLA pr.971 AKULA on Amur Shipbuilding (Ships and destiny. Amur Shipbuilding Plant - 70 years. Khabarovsk, Amur Gazette, 2002)


One of the buildings PLA pr.971 AKULA production "Sevmash"

Engines:
- Nuclear power plants with pressurized water reactor thermal neutron BM-5 with a steam-generating unit (FPU) OK-650M.01 (K-284 and other PLA) with capacity 190 MW. Two two-piece steam generator. Designers PPU - Simon RI,, Farafontov YI, Bogdanovich, VP, Rynsky MV

- 1 x steam-block single-shaft turbine plant (PTU) with GTZA OK-9VM with improved capacity depreciation 43000-50000 hp (According to various sources, most probably 50000 HP). At the head of PLA K-284 - STS OK-9B.

- 2 x thrusters submersible 2-speed electric motors propelling PG-160 (?) To 410 hp (370 hp on dr.dannym). Located in advancing columns (chief designer - AM, Kuzmin).


Pull thruster spiral column with an electric PLA pr.971 AKULA (shot from the documentary)

Mechanics - one shaft, a 7-blade fixed pitch propellers with improved hydroacoustic characteristics and reduced speed. Two tip-up thrusters. Screws for pr.971 fabricated using purchased from a Toshiba to bypass restrictions COCOM precision machine tools (used as submarine for other projects 3rd generation). Nasal hydroplanes with flaps, retractable. The cooling system with intake seawater to the central route (from K-391 type "fin" - more efficient).






The main engine of PLA pr.971 AKULA - 7-blade propeller (left to right - one of the "Komsomol" buildings in the floating dock, and the rolling out of the PLA K-335 "Gepard" with "Sevmash", all photos from http://forums. airbase.ru and from the film "Submarine Squadron Sevmash", 2006)


Intakes of circulation routes first building (on the left, K-480 "Panther") and type "fin"

Energy - Two turbo AC OK-2 with a capacity of 3200 kW, two reversible DC converters.
Backup power - two groups of lead-acid batteries, 2 x diesel generator DG-300 rated at 750 hp (By dr.dannym 1 x ASDG-1000 - is possible. At different subseries different diesel generators) with a reversible converter, fuel - 10 days. Since PLA K-391 installed emergency electrical power network.

System Rescue - Rescue bubble chamber (FAC) - development and analog FAC PLA pr.705. Fire Suppression System Loch (boat-resistant volume) with a working substance-ognegasitelem Freon 114b2 (Freon). Liferafts KSU-600N-4 (4 pcs).

Length:
- 108.25 meters (according to technical designs in May 1977)
- 110,3 m (AKULA, Improved AKULA)
- 114.3 m (AKULA-II / pr.971U, according to Western data)
- 112-113 m (according to different sources of K-335 AKULA-III)
Width - 13,5-13,6 m
The width of Coarse horizontal rulyam - 15,4 m
Mean draft - 9,68 m

Above-water displacement:
- 7540 tons (avanproektu TTZ)
- 7740 tons (technical designs in May 1977)
- 8140 tons (pr.971 AKULA, pr-va "Sevmash)
- 8470-8500 tons (according to various sources AKULA-II / K-335 AKULA-III)
Displacement underwater:
- 12770 tons (pr.971 AKULA, pr-va "Sevmash)
- 13400-13800 tons (according to various sources AKULA-II / K-335 AKULA-III)
The speed of the freeboard:
- 10 knots
- 20 knots (according to Western data)
- 11.6 knots on dr.dannym (including K-152 "Seal"?)
- 12 knots (pr.971U)
The speed of the submarine:
- 33 knots
- 35 knots (according to Western data)
The speed of the underwater thrusters for electric motors - 5 knots
Depth limit - 600 m
Working Depth:
- 480 m (AKULA, Improved AKULA)
- 520 m (AKULA-II and including the K-152 "seal"?, But perhaps for all PLA project)
Endurance - 100 days (Reserves)

The maximum detection range of boats pr.971 HOOK AN/BQQ-5 (PLA Los-Angeles) - 10 km (data from 1995)
Noise to the PLA-284 by 12-15 dB or 4-4.5 times lower than the noise PLA pr.671RTM VICTOR-III
Noise to the PLA-335 below the noise K-284 in 3.5 times
With a natural backdrop to the 40-45 dB noise level in calm PL pr.971 is 60-70 dB (a series of submarine and conditions of measurements are unknown, Kamchatka). But at the same PLA pr.971 are noisier than the PLA SeaWolf or Improved Los-Angeles (not specified). According to Western data (1994) noise pr.971 PLA Improved AKULA at speeds of 5-7 knots is similar to or lower than the noise Improved Los-Angeles.

Approximate cost of PLA pr.971 - 1.55 billion USD (in 1995 prices)

Armament:
4 x 650 mm nasal TA (65-76 ammo 12 torpedoes, rockets PLRK "Wind")
4 x 533 mm nasal TA (Ammo 28 torpedoes UGST, USET-80, etc., KRBD RK-55 Granat, or Turquoise, rocket PLRK "Waterfall").

PLA TO-152 "Seal" pr.971I - 8 x 533 mm nasal TA (ammunition probably 40 torpel. Plourin, etc.)
The system for training TA "Grinda"
Ammunition - total - 40 torpedoes, rockets, torpedoes, or samotransportiruyuschihsya min. According to the Soviet-American agreements in 1989 in the arms ammunition shall not apply with nuclear warheads (the corresponding modification and execution of torpedoes, rocket-torpedoes and KRBD Shkval. "The Wind" / SS-N-16 STALLION, "Waterfall" SS- N-15 STARFISH, "Garnet" / SS-N-21 SAMPSON, "Turquoise"). At one of the PLA were tested Plourin "Splash" (not confirmed, no data).

6 x 533 mm disposable on non-REPS PU-324 "barrier" start of sonar counter is located in the superstructure (from PLA TO-391 (serial number 514) - ie the part AKULA, Improved AKULA, AKULA-II and AKULA- III). Ammunition - 6 SGAPD. Initially the West PA data were seen as vertical launchers for launching KRBD "Pomegranate" / SS-N-21 SAMPSON.
SGAPD:
MG-74 "Corundum"
MG-104 "Flash"
MH-114 "Beryl"

MANPADS Strela-3M "or" Needle "- 3 pieces (18 ammunition SAM).


Equipment:
Pr. 971 Akula
Pr. 971 Improved Akula
Pr. 971 Akula-II
Pr. 971/Pr.971M (?) (K-335) - Akula-III
BIUS HLM-132 (?) "Omnibus" development CSRI "Agate"

Hydroacoustic Complex (SAC), MGK-540 Skat-3 "SHARK GILL with digital processing of information (developed by CSRI Morphyspribor", St. Petersburg, the chief designer Kakalov VA, research conducted since 1980 on the basis of CIM -500 "Scat"). By its ability HOOK CIM-540 is not inferior to U.S. counterparts - upgraded HOOK AN/BQQ-5 and AN/BQQ-6.

Composition HOOK:

1. General-purpose equipment of data on the control panel;

2. Hardware shumopelengovaniya in the range of audio frequencies and equipment ehopelengovaniya (sonar);
- Nasal passive-active CEO search and attack (SHARK GILL), operating at medium and low frequencies;
- 2 x onboard conformal antennas "Shark" long;

4. Apparatus detecting sonar signals employed sonar (sonar exploration) with GAS GAS detect enemy MT-70;

5. Hardware zvukopodvodnoy communication and gosopoznavaniya CIM-80;

6. Shumopelengovaniya apparatus in the low audio frequencies using a towed extended antenna "Skat-3" / "bonito" (located in the fairing at the top of the vertical rudder).

7. Equipment classification purposes using a digital library of noise; NCI "Basis", "Melody", "Method," "Cape", "Signal" held CSRI Morphyspribor "in 1979-1987 GG At the same time on the HOOK CIM-540 solved the problem of classification of the purposes of information from all subsystems HOOK;

8. The monitoring of the complex.

In addition, together with the complex work following the CEO:
- CEO minoiskaniya MG-70
- CEO measuring the speed of sound in water "Plait-M" (?)
- CEO determining the start of cavitation propellers, propeller-M "(?)
- Eholedomer North-M "(?)
- Detector fractures in the ice of NOR-1 (?)
- Detector polynyas in the ice of the NOC-1 (?)

Detection range HOOK 3 times higher than detection range HOOK PLA 2 nd generation.
Detection range of purposes - 220-230 km (according to various sources)
Number of simultaneously tracked sonar goals - 30

Testing the final configuration HOOK conducted in 1986-1987 GG in the Sea of Japan and completed only in 1988 (PLA K-284 Akula pr.971 AKULA).


Largely passive antenna HOOK MGK-540 Skat-3 "SHARK GILL PLA Pr. 971

Draft 971I Irbis "Improved AKULA (K-152" Seal ") - HOOK" Scat-3 "export option.


Dashboard HOOK on PLA K-152 "Seal" Pr. 971

Hardware detection of enemy ships and submarines for the wake of - Sox (station detect wake of) LSM-200 "Toucan" (detects the movement of ships and submarines for approximately 30 minutes to several hours after passage) - is established from the K-322 ( serial number 513), according to sources. At the PLA K-480 "Bars" in our view established experimental prototype device Sox LSM-200 "Toucan" (?). Since PLA K-391 sensors Sox have a modern look (probably device LSM-200 "Toucan"). At the PLA K-461 and TO-328 device Sox are missing (most likely during the construction of PLA was not a complete set, scheduled to put in the middle of repair).


Sensors Sox LSM-200 "Toucan" in the superstructure, and fence cutting PLA K-157 "Wild Boar" Pr. 971 AKULA-II


Sensors Sox on the vertical panel submarine pr.671RTM VICTOR-III (possibly LSM-100 "Kolos", frame chronicle not before 1982, from the documentary "The shock strength. Spearfishers"

Radar "Radian" / SNOOP PAIR MRKP-58 (TO-461 and K-157, or from those of PLA?, According to some data from the Improved AKULA). Or "Radian-U (" simplified ") MRKP-59 with one antenna (?).
EW system "Bay"
Radar gosopoznavaniya "Nichrome-M" / AMBER LIGHT
Radio "Zone" / RIM HAT


Antenna Radar "Radian" MRKP-58 SNOOP PAIR

Automated control system by technical means of PLA.

Inertial navigation system "Symphony" (K-284, K-253, K-322 as a minimum) with girokorrektorom Skandia and FDC or "Symphony-U. Perhaps the prototype of the system or research on the topic in a set was called "Bear-971 (found in the media). Maximum storage time navigation data for a given accuracy voyage - more than 7 days (the submerged without determining the place). One of the best results on the accuracy of NC was obtained in 2002, during military service to the PLA-295 - for 6.5 hours under water without determining the place of position error of PLA did not exceed 10 cables (1852 m). The main mode of navigation complex - "Special".

Satellite navigation system "Synthesis".
Automated complex radio Molniya-MC "/ KREMMNY-3 in the:
- Satellite communication system "Tsunami-BM with a towed antenna" Parawan "(located on the top shell of the fenced logging)
- And long-distance communication antenna system "Cora" / PERT SPRING
- VHF-radio "Anis" / PARK LAMP
- Radio R-143, F-855UM (3 sets), P-159 (6 sets), "Call", "Berth" (3 sets), P-105m (the data is not accurate, complete set of submarine pr.971 AKULA first editions ).
Optical Review TV system MTK-110 (allows for optical observation at depths up to 50-60 m). Periscope commander PZKE-11 or PZKE-21 (according to various sources) "The Swan" and navigational astronavigational Periscope "Signal-3".




Fence cutting and folding device for pr.971 submarine K-157 "Wild Boar" AKULA-II (bottom of the model, the author - Kuznetsov A., Severodvinsk).


A towed device "Parawan" satellite communications systems "Tsunami-BM" (the old model, photo AndreyKS, 2006,


A towed device "Parawan, more modern model

Modifications:
Pr. 971 "Bars" / "Pike-B" - AKULA (1984) - the basic design of PLA (K-284, K 263, K 322, K 391, K 331, K 480, K- 317, K-461).


PLA K-461 "Wolf" Pr. 971 AKULA in the Kola Bay. The Northern Fleet, March 2001

Pr. 971 - Improved AKULA (1992) - Transition Project of PLA with improved hydroacoustic characteristics and updated avionics, according to some sources, the official name of the project did not change (K-328, K-154, K-419, K-295). In the western media found the name of the project "pr.971U.

Pr. 971 / pr.971U (?) - AKULA-II (1995) - Transition Project of PLA with a modified (longer than 4 m on Western data) for the installation of new equipment, rugged, according to some sources, the official name of the project did not change (K-157). Established active equipment to reduce the visibility of acoustic PLA (probably SAG - active suppression of noise in the range 50-500Hz). In the western media found the name of the project "pr.971A.


PLA K-157 "Wild Boar" pr.971 AKULA-II in Motovka Gulf. The Northern Fleet, June 1998

Pr. 971 / pr.971M (?) - AKULA-III (2001) - suggests that the project will be large-batch "second pillar" of PLA project with more modern avionics, modified fairing container towed antenna SAC and other construction fence-cutting in of conjugation with the case of PLA (K-335 "Gepard"). According to some sources, the official name of the project did not change (pr.971).


PLA K-335 "Gepard" pr.971 AKULA-III in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea on sea trials. The Northern Fleet, July 2001


PLA K-335 "Gepard" Pr. 971 AKULA-III in the Dvina Bay. The Northern Fleet, July 2001

Pr. 971 Irbis / Pr. 09710 - Improved AKULA (2009) - modification of PLA pr.971 for the Indian Navy (K-152 "Seal"). According to the media - with the unclassified composition avionics, export variagtom GAK Skat-3 ". Transmitted by the Russian Navy, 28.12.2009, the transfer of PLA India held in 2010







Register PLA Project 971 and modifications (data continuously refined, version on 01.01.2010):

K-284 "Shark", Project 971 Class

K-263 "Barnaul" ("Dolphin"), Project 971 Class

K-322 "Kashalot", Project 971 Class

K-480 "Ak Bars" ("Leopard"), Project 971 Class

K-391 "Bratsk" ("Kit"), Project 971 Class

K-317 "Panther", Project 971 Class

K-331 "Magadan" (“Narval”), Project 971 Class

K-461 "Wolf", Project 971 Class

K-328 "Leopard", Project 971 Class

K-154 "Tiger", Project 971 Class

K-157 "Wild Boar", Project 971 Class

K-419 "Kuzbass" ("Walrus"), Project 971 Class

K-335 "Gepard", Project 971 Class

K-295 "Samara" ("Dragon"), Project 971 Class

K-152 "Seal", Project 971 Class

K-337 "Cougar", Project 971 Class

K-333 "Lynx", Project 971 Class

K – "Irbis" , Project 971 Class

Edited by GM_Gladiator - 24/3/2010, 14:57